Brake



April 21, 1953 F. R. MQFARLAND BRAKE Filed Oct. 8, 1947 Patented Apr. 21, 1953 BRAKE Forest R. McFarland, Huntington -Wods, Mich., assignor to Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application October 8, 1947, Serial No. 778,689 i This invention relates to brakes, and more particularly to an improved brake for torque multiplying mechanism.

An object of this invention is to provide a brake for a mechanism that can readily be engaged without the necessity of synchronizing gears.

A further object of the invention is to provide successively engaging friction and locking means to hold a rotatable member of a planetary gear train against rotation to effect a torque increasing drive.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a friction member to brake a rotatable member of a planetary gear train to effect 'a torque multiplying drive, and a positive lock operated by predetermined movement. of the friction member in response to torque reaction to vide frictional means to brake a rotatable member of a planetary gear train to effect a torque multiplying drive, and a mechanical lock actuated by predetermined rotational movement of the frictional means to positively lock the rotatable member.

Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views. I t

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of a transmission embodying this invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows, the brake element being shown in elevation.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken tion is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it isto be understood that the phraseology or tor 7 Claims. (01. 188-68) minology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

This invention is illustrated as applied to a transmission of the general type disclosed in my earlier Patent- Number 2,324,713 issued July 20,

1943. In the construction illustrated in said patent a tail'shaft or driven shaft H is secured to the planet carrier of suitable planetary gearing A reverse driving shaft I4 may be driven by any suitable means,

housed within a casing 12.

such for example as by the ring gear carrier of the planetary gearing housed within the casing l2.

The construction of the planetary gearing housed within the casing I2 is of course such that the planet carrier secured to the tail shaft or' driven shaft l I exerts a forwardlydirected torque to drive the driven shaft l l in the forward direction, and theiring gear-secured to the shaft 14 exerts a rearwardly directed torque to drive the shaft [4 in the reverse direction. The tail shaft or driven shaft I I can of course be driven in the reverse direction if the reverse torque exerted on the shaft I4 by the ring gear of the planetary gearing housed within the casing I2 is connected to the driven shaft H and is multiplied to oversplined to another driving shaft l5 preferablyq concentricallymounted on the driven shaft H, and having a sun gear 18 secured thereto. A

planet carrier 20 having pinions 22 meshing with the sun gear 18 is splined at 24 to the driven shaft II, a ring 26 positioned in a groove 28 in the driven shaft H forming an abutment to locate the carrier with reference to the driven shaft ll.

A ring gear 30 having internal gear teeth 32 is provided to engage the planet pinions 22. The ring gear-30 has an axially extending cylinder 34 having external gear teeth 36, and is provided with a hub 38 rotatably mounted on a bearing 40 carried by an axially extending cylinder 42 fixed to an inwardly extending flange 44 carried by a casing 46.

The ring gear 30 is provided with a conical surface 48 adapted to be engaged by a reversely disposed conical friction surface 50 of an axially movable braking member 52 actuated by a compound piston to engage the conical surfaces 50 and 48 to brake the ring gear 30 to multiply torque exerted on the reversely driven shaft I4 through the pinions 22 to overcome the forwardly directed torque exerted on the driven shaft II and drive it in the reverse direction. The com- 5 pound piston 53 has a large diameter piston 54 slidably mounted in a cylinder 56 formed in a casing 58 secured to theicasing 461 A seali'ngring 80 positioned in a grooveformed' in the piston 54 is provided to seal the space between the forward 0 end of the compound piston 53 and the casing 585' The compound piston 53 has a smaller diameter piston 62 slidably mounted in a cylinder 64 formed in the casing 58, a sealing "ring 'fll beinginterposed between the piston and the cylinderto' seal the space between the rear end of "the com pound piston and the casing 58."

Fluid under pressure from any suitable source, such vfor example as a pump driven by theshaft I4, may be introduced into achamber '66 interposed between the' casing '58 and the sections s-of large and smaller diameter? 54- and 62? of" the-- compoundipiston 53 to urgether bra-kingfmemb'er 52 -forwardlyinto braking engagement with the ring gear A- plurality :ofreturn springs-158 mounted on pins 10" carried by the compound-' piston 53, and extending-througharcuate shaped slots -'I2-.-iformed ina-web 13 of the casing- 58 iare i provided tozyieldingly, urge the brake member 52 1 toward the ringgear releasing positionz In: certain. types of f torque increasing mechanisms the force required? to hold a movable member such for example .as a ring gearof a: planetary gear train against rotation isgreater than it is practical to attempt to hold with a One. illustrative-example;- of-ring gear lacking mechanism actuated by a friction braking-"mech H anismris' illustratedin Figs-s l to-3 A's-more clearly ShOWllfiIl' Fig; ZJ-the braking-.1member:*52 has a pair of oppositelyexten'dinggreversely dis posed abutments l4 and-"16; positioned forwardly "'55 of:the large diameter piston-'54 adapted-to-engage springs :78 and 80 respectively :interposedbetween the :abutments and spaced portionsof the casing- 58 .to yieldingly urgethe braking member toward ainormaliposition when a boss BZ -carried by the abutment 16 engagesa stop I 84' secured in=the casing '58. When thebrake member '52 is actuated to brake the ringgear -30;:the torque reac tion: exerted on the conical friction-surface 50 "of the brakemember 52oscillate's it in thecounterclockwise direction as viewed Fig.2;

The brake :member- 52*: is provided with a radially extended projection 86' having "a slot 88 to receive an actuating member SO'carried' by spaced arms 92 fixed to a shaft 94 journalled in webs 96v and 98 inthe casing 58; As more clearly illustrated in-iFigsr 1 and 3 "the shaft 94 is provided with astem' l 00 having one end of a'coile'dspring I 02-"secured thereto; Theother'end'of the spring is secured to asleeve --I 04 mcuntedon"the--* shaft 94 and having spaced cam members I06 and I08 engaging upper and lower surfaces I10 and I I2 of a ring gear locking mechanism in the form of a locking plunger H4, slidably mounted between upper and lower guides H6 and H8, and having gear teeth I20 adapted to mesh with the .teeth 36 of the cylinder 34 carried by the ring gear- 30 to provide a positive-lock toprevent the ring gear from'rotating to insure continuance of the torque multiplying drive.

It will be noted that the locking plunger I I4 is yieldingly actuated by the spring I02. If the teeth I20 of the plunger H4 and the teeth 36 carriedby the ringgear 30 are not aligned for meshing engagement when the plunger H4 is actuated, theends of the teeth will engage each othenandthe-teethil20 will be urged into meshing engagement with the teeth 35 by the spring I02 'Whenthe ring gear 30 rotates sufficiently to permit the teeth I20 and 36 to mesh. There is thus; no danger V of injuring: the clocking; mechanism duelto misalignment of the gear teeth;

The shaft 94 which actuates, the locking;

p'lungeril I4 :01? the iring-gearlocking mechanismis adapted'to extend 'between axiallyvextending projections I24 carried at theinner'end of the sleeve I04 torotate thesleeve-I04'in the counter-clock? wise'direction as :viewedinFig; 3 when .the brake member 52 is released, and the springs 18= andreturn it to the normal position illustrated inFig'.

2.1 The cam lfltcarried bythe sleeve Iflllsengages the lower surface I I2 of the"lockingrplunger: I I4 and moves the'plunger to the retracted "position rupt the torquemultiplying: drive;

The operation is as follows: To'engagethe torque multiplying mechanismto vdrive-the driven ,shaft ILI I in the reverse direction a suitable actu-v atingilever'is moved to the'reverse drive'position whereupon fluidiunderrpressure from 'a suitablesource is introduced into the: chamber 265 to actue atelthecompoundzpiston 53 and engagethe conicalh-frictionnsurface 5a of the "brake; member :52 withi-the conical surface 4810f the ring. gear30z' As the ringgear 30 i5 braked a torque multiplying I I Theaareaspf the conical friction surfaces 48 and 50 is proportioned 1 driver is transmitted to the drivenshaft through. theipinion' gears 22.

witht'reference to: thefeffective area of: the chamberififi iofrtheicompound pistonz53 l'andithe pres-1 sure :of the fluid:introducedaintorthe icham'bertfis that'i the ring gear sfl'. will; be: restrainedvfrom rotatingv when the reverse drive I. mechanism isactuated. When increased power from-the engine is exerted through the reversely driven' shaft I4 counter-clockwise direction rotates theshaftwSM ,through the actuating member and-the arms 82: Rotation ofthe shaft '94tensions the spring ,I02 thereby exerting 'ayieldingforce through thesleeve I04 and cam IOBurging the locking plunger ll4 to engage-its'locking'teeth" I20 with theteeth 36carried by the ring gear 30? Apositive -lock is thus provided'toprevent the ring -gesr provided. with" radially: extended projections i I 22 .t

illustrated in full linesin Figs; land-'2 thereby: disengagingthe'teeth' I20 ofthe plunger fromthe teeth1361of the ring gear torelease it and inter the torque reaction exerted on the-brake member from rotating and insure continuance ofthe torque multiplying drive. j I I When the reverse drive is released due to moveinent of the actuating member out of the reverse drive position, the supply of fluid under pressure to the chamber 66 is interrupted, and the return springs 68 return'the compound piston 53 to the brake released position. The springs 18 and 86 then return the brake member 52 to the normal position and rotate the shaft 94- in the clockwise direction to the positive lock disengaging position as illustrated in Fig. 2. The radial projections I22 carried by the shaft 94 engage the axial projections I24 carried by the sleeve I 04 and rotate the sleeve, in the counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig.3 whereupon the cam I08 of the sleeve engagesthe lower surface I I2 oi the locking plunger ,I I4 and positively moves it to disengage its locking teeth I20 from the teeth 36 carried by the ring gear 30. The ring gear is then released whereupon the driven shaft II may be driven in thejforward direction.

It will be noted that the locking plunger I I4 is moved to the retracted position by the initial releasing, movement of the ring gear braking mechanism because as the torque reaction exerted on the brake member 52 diminishes, the springs 18 and 80 return the member 52 and the shaft94 to the normal position illustrated in Fig. 2 thereby withdrawing the locking plunger II'4 before the brake member 52 releases the ring gear. It will of course be apparent that the angular relation of the gearteeth I26 and 36 of the locking plunger I I4 and the ring gear 30 respectively is such as to assist in repelling the plunger I I4 when the force urging it toward the blocking position is released. V

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 4 is similar in many respects to that illustrated in Figs. lto 3. It will be noted that a brake band I50 is provided to engage the ring gear 30. One end I52 of the brake band is pivotally connected to an arm I54 of a three armed bell crank I56 pivoted at I58 to the case I60 to provide; a reaction point. Another arm I62 of the bell crank engages a spring I64 interposed between it and the case I60. The third arm I66 of the bell crank I56 is provided with an actuating end I68 to engage notch shaped teeth I carried by the ring gear 30 to provide a positive lock to prevent rotation of the ring gear to insure continuation of the reverse drive.

The other end I12 of the brake band I50 is provided with an actuating link I14 adapted to be engaged by an arm I16 of a bell crank pivoted on the case I60 at I18. The other arm I80 of the bell crank is connected through a link I82 to a piston I84 slidably mounted in a cylinder I86, having a fluid inlet conduit I88 communicating therewith.

The operation of this embodiment of the invention is as follows: To engage the torque multiplying mechanism to drive the driven shaft II in the reverse direction, the reverse control mechanism is actuated, whereupon fluid under pressure is introduced through the conduit I88 into the cylinder I86 to move the piston I84 toward the left as viewed in Fig. 4 to engage the brake band I50 with the ring gear 30. With the ring gear braked the drive is transmitted from the sun gear I8 secured to the reversely driven shaft I4, through the pinions 22 rolling inside of the ring gear 30 to multiply torque to overcome the forwardly directed torque exerted on the driven shaft II and drive it in the reverse direction.

If'the torque reaction exerted on the brake band I50'is suificient to carry the brake band around with the ring gear 30 in the counterclockwise direction the end I52 of the brake band exerts a force on the'a'rm I54 of-the bell crank I56 to oscillate it about the pivot point I58 thereby engaging the actuating end I68 of the arm I66 with one of the notch shaped teeth I'I0 carried by the ring gear 30 to provide a positive lock to prevent rotation of the ring gear 30, and compressing spring I64.

' When the brake is released the spring I64 urges the bell crank I56 to oscillate in the counter-clockwise' direction about its pivot I56 thereby disengaging the actuating end I68 of the arm I66 from the teeth I10 of the ring gear 30 to releasethe positive lock of the ring gear. The brake band I50 is then released by conventional release mechanism.

It will be understood that various forms of the invention other than that described above may be used without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

I claim: r

l. A brake mechanism for a rotatable machine element, said brake comprising a band type friction means including a movable actuating end and a movable anchor end, 'a movable support means cooperating with said anchor end, said anchor support means and said'anchor end bein movable in accordance with the torque in the rotatable machine element, means operably connected to the actuating end of the friction means to engage the friction means with the rotatable machine element, external tooth means carried by the machine element, a stationary member, a three-armed bell crank pivoted on the stationary member, connecting means between one of the arms of said bell crank and the anchor end of the friction means, a pawl carried by another arm of the bell crank to engagethe external tooth means carried by the machine element upon predetermined movement of the anchor end of the friction means, and yielding means engaging the third arm of the bell crank urging the bell crank toward the brake released position.

2. A brake mechanism for a rotatable machine element, said brake comprising a band type friction means having a movable anchor end and a movable actuating end, movable supports for said ends, said anchor end support being biased in one direction but being movable against said biasing force in accordance with the torque in the rotatable machine element, positive means including an angularly movable pawl associated with the anchor end of the friction means and external tooth means carried by the machine element for locking said element against rotation, means operable by predetermined movement of the anchor end of the friction means to engage the pawl with the external tooth means to actuate the positive means, and yielding means urging the pawl toward a releasing position.

3. A brake mechanism for a rotatable machine element, said brake comprising a band type friction member adapted to engage the machine element and having movable actuating and anchor ends, movable support means for said ends, said anchor end support including means movable in accordance with the torque developed in the initial stage of operationof said brake means, means connected to the movable actuating end to operate the brake means, external locking teeth carried by the machine element, a locking nawlz ner bly conne d teth an h r-1 en t fr ct on mem er to. en e hee ern och ing teeth tolocli t he rotatable element against rq t qn en r de r i ed ov m n of h anchorend, and said means .included-in said supportvfror e a chor nd hav n el in me ns ur in t e awl to re e e, he mac ne em 4,1 A b ake me anism for a ro a b e m c i e elem nt ou ted n, a an is ion e, sai r ke; mech nism. C m r ing, a band, .-bearin supports at each end of said bandbcth of said bearing supports including movable elements cooperating with thelends ofsaid, bands, means ermeae ne the r and w th the r tat b a.- chine --,el m nt. said eleme ts ca ryi g he e s i the ban thro eh a imi ro at bnal m vemm a p l pivo allv mounted. on-t ese lockinglto thrm n o the chi e eme a c nection between the pawl andband, such. that the pawlis operated by predetermined movement of the band to engage the locking teeth to lock themachine, element to the case, and yielding means energized by predetermined movement of the band to exert a yielding force to release the locking meansupon predetermined release of the brake mechanism.

5,. In a reverse drive mechanism, planetary speed reduction gearing including a freely mountedreaction gear having internal and external teeth, cl-shaped' friction brake band means operable to engage said gear and movable, mounting, means at eachlend of said. band adapted to permit the band to havellimited rotational movement in response [to predetermined torque, a pivotally mounted pawl' for engaging the external teeth of the gear, and actuator means for the pawl includinga spring, means interconnecting said actuator with. said band to be driven by the movement .of the, band,said spring being energized upon engagement of the pawl to urge said pawl toward a disenga ed position, and said.actuatornieansfbeing. responsive to rotationalmovement of the friction brake means whereby said pawl is driven between its engaged and disengaged position according to movement of the band. a

In a reverse drive mechanism, planetary speed reduction gearing includinga freely mounted reaction gear having internal and external tee hev drie efil bmk b nd m a der erable to engage said gear and movable mountin means at each-endof said bandadapted to permit the band to have limited rotational move: ment in response to predetermined torque fla pivotally mounted lever having at least two arms, one armibeingzprovided with apawl f orengaging the external teeth of the geanand actuator meansfortheflever-including a spring,,means interconnecting said a ctuatpr with said band. to be idriven by the-movement of the .band, said spring being energized upon engagement of the pawl to urge said pawl toward a disengaged position, andsaid actuator means beingresponsive 9 e 't eee mQY me f t e a on brake means whereby saidpawl is drivenv between its en aged, and disengaged position according to movement-of the band. V

I7. In a reverse drive mechanism, planetary speed reduction gearing including afreel-y mounted; reaction gear having internal and external teeth, 'C-Shaped f c ien rake, a d. means. @1 erabl to en a e sa d ea and m ab e m u i means ateach end" 01 said band adapted to per: mitthe band to. have limited rotational movement in responseto predetermined torque, a pivotally mounted three armed bell crank lever, one

'of said arms forming a pawl for engaging, the

lt ef erenees flitedin the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Date Number Name I 1,448,095 Steel et a1. Mar. 13,1923 2,144,423 Caldwell Jan. 17, 1939 2,145,255 Granberg et a1, Jan. 31, 1939 2,284,047 Edwards May 26, 1942 

